Yahweh thunders his voice before his army; for his forces are very great; for he is strong who obeys his command; for the day of Yahweh is great and very awesome, and who can endure it?
⛓ Read Joel 2 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'The day of the LORD is great and very terrible; who can endure it?' supplies the climactic 'the great day of his wrath has come; and who is able to stand?'; near-verbal match in the rhetorical question of endurance.
High confidence'The day of YHWH is great and very terrible; who can endure it?' frames the coming wrath as the dreadful Day from which one must be rescued. Joel's rhetorical question about enduring the Day undergirds Paul's promise that Jesus 'delivers us'; coherence is strong, verbal volume moderate.
Medium confidenceEcho2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'Who is sufficient/who can endure it?' (tis estai hikanos / tis hypoisei) matches the prophetic exclamation before the overwhelming Day of the LORD. Paul's 'who is sufficient (hikanos) for these things?' may pick up this LXX idiom of human inadequacy before God's awesome work. Low: shared rhetorical form, divergent context.
Low confidence'We will all stand before the judgment seat of God/Christ' (14:10) carries the prophetic Day-of-the-LORD note of standing before the dread Judge (cf. Joel 2:11, 'who can endure it?'), reframed by Paul christologically. Very faint thematic echo.
Low confidence