“Let the nations arouse themselves, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat; for there will I sit to judge all the surrounding nations.
⛓ Read Joel 3 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Joel's vision of the LORD seated to judge all the nations gathered in the valley of decision lies behind the forensic image of universal judgment of 'the living and the dead.' The Day-of-the-LORD assize is the conceptual reservoir for the charge given before the coming Judge.
Medium confidence'Let the nations be roused and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat, for there I will sit to judge all the surrounding nations.' The enthroned divine Judge seated to judge the assembled nations directly parallels the Son of Man sitting on the throne of his glory to judge all the nations.
Medium confidence