But he was pierced for our transgressions. He was crushed for our iniquities. The punishment that brought our peace was on him; and by his wounds we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray. Everyone has turned to his own way; and Yahweh has laid on him the iniquity of us all.
⛓ Read Isaiah 53 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Paul's creedal 'Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures' (v.3) draws on the Servant who is 'wounded for our transgressions' and on whom the LORD lays 'the iniquity of us all.' Volume is moderate (no verbatim quotation) but coherence is high: the vicarious sin-bearing death is the only OT text supplying the formula, and Isaiah 53 was a primary resurrection-era proof-text. Availability is secure.
High confidence'Who was delivered up for our trespasses' (4:25) echoes Isaiah 53 LXX, especially 53:6 ('the Lord delivered him up for our sins,' paredoken auton tais hamartiais hemon) and 53:12 ('he was delivered up because of their sins'). Paul's verb 'delivered up' (paredothe) plus 'for our trespasses' is verbatim Servant-song language, identifying the crucified Jesus as the suffering Servant.
High confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'The Son of Man is about to be delivered up (paradidotai) into the hands of men, and they will kill him.' The passive 'delivered up' echoes the Servant who 'was handed over for our sins' (Isa 53:6, 12 LXX paredothe), framing the death as the Servant's vicarious handing-over.
Medium confidence◇ Figural1
A typological pattern re-read in a later text — no verbal quotation, high figural coherence.
'The Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself up for me' (v.20) configures Christ's self-surrender along the lines of the Servant 'handed over' for the sins of the people. Coherence with early Christian Servant Christology supports it, but the link is interpretive rather than lexical here.
Low confidence