Your children shall be wanderers in the wilderness forty years, and shall bear your prostitution, until your dead bodies are consumed in the wilderness. After the number of the days in which you spied out the land, even forty days, for every day a year, you will bear your iniquities, even forty years, and you will know my alienation.’
⛓ Read Numbers 14 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
The forty years in the wilderness as the span of God's bearing with a rebellious generation supplies both the number and the note of divine forbearance ('he put up with them'). Strong thematic coherence.
Medium confidence◇ Figural1
A typological pattern re-read in a later text — no verbal quotation, high figural coherence.
Israel's forty years of wilderness wandering/testing (a year for each day of spying) stands behind Jesus' forty days. Hays' Thematic Coherence: each of Jesus' three answers is drawn from Deut's reflection on those forty years (manna, Massah, idolatry), framing Jesus as faithful Israel reduced to one obedient Son.
High confidence