because all those men who have seen my glory, and my signs, which I worked in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet have tempted me these ten times, and have not listened to my voice; surely they shall not see the land which I swore to their fathers, neither shall any of those who despised me see it.
⛓ Read Numbers 14 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Psalm 95 is itself a poetic compression of this Numbers 14 verdict, and Hebrews mines it directly: ‘tested me… saw my deeds’ (v. 9) answers ‘seen my glory and my signs… tempted me,’ while the sworn exclusion ‘they shall not see the land’ underlies ‘they will not enter into my rest.’ Hays' recurrence and thematic coherence: the wilderness-rebellion narrative is the substrate the homily presupposes and re-mines in 3:16–18.
High confidenceThe sworn exclusion ‘surely they shall not see the land’ stands directly behind ‘to whom did he swear that they wouldn't enter… we see that they were not able to enter in’ (vv. 18–19). The same Numbers 14 oath that Ps 95:11 versifies is now read back through the narrative. Recurrence across 3:7–11 and 3:12–19 ties the homily's argument to the Pentateuchal source.
High confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The portrait of those ‘once enlightened… and then fell away’ whom it is ‘impossible to renew to repentance’ (vv. 4–6) recurs to the wilderness generation that saw God's glory and signs yet was barred from the land — the same exemplum Hebrews built in 3:7–4:11 (Hays' recurrence test across the homily). Conceptual, not verbatim.
Medium confidence