Now on the day when God’s sons came to present themselves before Yahweh, Satan also came among them. Yahweh said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Then Satan answered Yahweh, and said, “From going back and forth in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.” Yahweh said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant, Job? For there is no one like him in the earth, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears God, and turns away from evil.” Then Satan […]
⛓ Read Job 1 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion3
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Paul guards against 'Satan' gaining advantage, 'for we are not ignorant of his schemes.' The figure of ha-satan operating against the faithful, testing and seeking advantage before God, is established in the Job prologue (and Job 2:1-7). Availability and coherence are strong: Satan as the adversarial accuser is a Second-Temple development of this OT scene.
High confidence'Satan asked to have you' precisely mirrors the heavenly-court scene where the accuser requests permission to test Job, and God grants it within limits. The structure (Satan demands, God permits, the faithful is tested but not destroyed) maps closely onto Job 1-2, giving strong coherence.
High confidencePaul names "the tempter" (ho peirazon) who might have "tempted" the Thessalonians and rendered his labor vain. The figure of a heavenly adversary who tests the faith of the righteous draws on the satan of Job's prologue, who is permitted to afflict Job precisely to see whether his fidelity will hold. The cluster of testing, affliction, and the danger of falling away mirrors Job's ordeal.
Medium confidenceEcho7
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'The Satan' (the adversary) granted access to test a righteous man under divine permission parallels the devil's testing role; the title 'Satan' Jesus uses (v.10) draws on this adversary figure.
Medium confidenceThe Satan who moves among the 'sons of God' and operates by accusation and testing supplies the canonical adversary figure Paul names. The notion of Satan as a deceptive agent licensed within the heavenly court loosely coheres, though Job lacks the 'angel of light' disguise. Volume is faint; flagged low and contested.
Low confidence'The prince of the power of the air' presupposes a heavenly accusing spirit-figure like the satan who roams and acts in the world. Job's Adversary supplies an available OT prototype for a malign cosmic ruler operating under God, though no verbal link exists.
Low confidenceThe accuser figure who provokes harm against the righteous undergirds the Johannine 'devil.' The connection is thematic rather than verbal and the Job satan is a heavenly prosecutor, so the echo is faint.
Low confidenceThe Adversary (ha-satan) who roams the earth and is granted limited power over the righteous supplies an OT antecedent for 'the ruler of this world' who comes but 'has nothing in' Jesus. Low confidence: it grounds the accusing-adversary figure conceptually, but John's title and the 'no claim on me' idea outrun anything verbal in Job.
Low confidence'Satan entered into Judas' personifies the accuser/adversary who, in Job 1-2 and Zechariah 3, acts against the faithful with divine permission. The figure of ha-satan as an agent moving human actors gives availability and coherence with Luke's wider Satan theme (cf. 22:31), though the lexical link is thin.
Low confidenceThe figure of 'the satan' as the adversary who would divert God's servant from his path stands behind naming Peter 'Satan' for setting his mind on human things. Faint, conceptual.
Low confidence