Yes, the dogs are greedy, they can never have enough; and these are shepherds who can’t understand: they have all turned to their own way, each one to his gain, from every quarter.
⛓ Read Isaiah 56 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Isaiah's indictment of shepherds who are 'greedy dogs… they all look to their own way, every one for his gain' stands behind the deceivers who teach 'for dishonest gain's sake.' The portrait of mercenary false leaders is a stock prophetic type Titus applies to the Cretan teachers.
Medium confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The 'greedy dogs' who 'cannot be satisfied' and seek their own gain anticipate Paul's belly-serving, earthly-minded enemies, tying this verse back to the 'dogs' polemic of 3:2. Faint.
Low confidence