You shall tell Pharaoh, ‘Thus says Yahweh, Israel is my son, my firstborn, and I have said to you, “Let my son go, that he may serve me”; and you have refused to let him go. Behold, I will kill your son, your firstborn.’”
⛓ Read Exodus 4 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'Israel is my son, my firstborn' grounds the sonship/adoption language of vv.14-17; the Spirit constitutes believers as 'children of God,' transferring Israel's sonship status to those led by the Spirit.
High confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'Israel is my firstborn son' — the divine-sonship of Israel that Jesus recapitulates; Satan's taunt 'If you are the Son of God' presses on the sonship just declared at the baptism (3:17) and rooted in Israel's corporate sonship.
Medium confidence