They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God. They have provoked me to anger with their vanities. I will move them to jealousy with those who are not a people. I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
⛓ Read Deuteronomy 32 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation1
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
Formula-cited ('First Moses says'): 'I will provoke you to jealousy with that which is no nation; with a nation void of understanding I will make you angry' — verbatim quotation of Deuteronomy 32:21 from the Song of Moses. Grounds Paul's jealousy motif (cf. 11:11,14): Gentile inclusion provokes Israel. High recurrence in Paul's argument across chs. 9-11.
High confidenceAllusion4
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'They have made me jealous with what is no god' is the direct backdrop to 'do we provoke the Lord to jealousy?' (v.22). Recurrence within the Song of Moses (with v.17) and verbal contact on jealousy/provocation make this a strong, deliberate echo.
High confidence'to provoke them to jealousy' (v.11, again v.14) borrows directly from the Song of Moses: 'they have moved me to jealousy... I will provoke them to jealousy by those who are not a people.' Paul already quoted Deut 32:21 at Rom 10:19; here he deploys its key verb (parazeloo) as the engine of his Gentiles-to-Israel argument. Strong verbal borrowing with recurrence.
High confidenceThe exhortation to 'turn from these vain things' (mataia, v15) draws on the prophetic-Pentateuchal label for idols as 'vanities' that 'provoked me with their vanities/no-gods.' Volume moderate (mataia is the LXX term for idols); Thematic Coherence strong (idols as empty nothings opposed to the living God). Contested only as to which idol-vanity text is primary.
Medium confidencePaul's spirit 'provoked' (paroxynein) at a city full of idols echoes the LXX of Israel provoking God to anger with their idols, the same verb-field; thematic coherence between human and divine zeal against idolatry is strong.
Medium confidenceEcho3
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The Song of Moses links Israel's turning to a foreign god with provoking YHWH to jealousy; Paul's pairing of jealousy with the threat of 'another Jesus' and 'a different spirit' coheres with that covenant-jealousy logic. Volume is faint and the connection is thematic. Flagged low as supporting the jealousy cluster.
Low confidenceThe Jews 'filled with jealousy' contradicting the word, leading to the turn toward the Gentiles, faintly enacts the Song of Moses' principle that God provokes Israel to jealousy by a non-people, a motif Paul develops elsewhere. Contested here.
Low confidenceThe Song of Moses, where Israel 'made me jealous with what is no god,' is part of the jealousy-of-God background to v.5.
Low confidence