But Jeshurun grew fat, and kicked. You have grown fat. You have grown thick. You have become sleek. Then he abandoned God who made him, and rejected the Rock of his salvation.
⛓ Read Deuteronomy 32 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Echo3
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'Forsook God... scoffed at the Rock of his salvation' continues the Song's Rock-title for God amid the very apostasy Paul is warning against. Recurrence within the Song he draws on elsewhere in the chapter (vv.17,21) strengthens the link.
Medium confidenceThe title 'God our Savior' draws on the Septuagintal designation of YHWH as the saving God, where Israel forgot 'God his Savior.' Paul transfers the covenantal epithet for God to the gospel framing of the letter. The phrase recurs through 1 Timothy and is rooted in OT salvation language.
Medium confidence'It is hard for you to kick against the goads' is a proverb of Greek provenance, but some hear an echo of Jeshurun who 'kicked' against the LORD after being fattened — futile rebellion against God by the well-fed. The verbal link is slight and the source debated.
Low confidence