Into your hand I commend my spirit. You redeem me, Yahweh, God of truth.
⛓ Read Psalm 31 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation1
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
'Father, into your hands I commit my spirit' is a direct quotation of Psalm 31:5, 'into your hand I commit my spirit,' the explicit dying word. Luke makes the righteous sufferer's prayer of trust the climactic utterance, replacing Mark's cry of dereliction; verbatim and unmistakable.
High confidenceAllusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!' reworks the Psalmist's 'into thine hand I commit my spirit,' the prayer of the dying righteous now addressed to Jesus.
High confidence"Entrust their souls to him" (4:19) echoes "Into your hand I commit my spirit," the psalm of committing oneself to God amid suffering (also on Christ's lips, Luke 23:46). Verbal commit-to-God parallel.
Medium confidenceEcho2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'Into your hand I commit my spirit' — 'yielded up his spirit' resonates with the committing-of-spirit of the trusting sufferer's psalm (explicit in Luke 23:46; operative here as the death-of-the-righteous frame, and Psalm 31 shares Psalm 22's lament-of-the-betrayed-righteous form).
Medium confidence'I know whom I have believed, and... he is able to guard that which I have committed to him' echoes 'Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me.' The committing/entrusting of oneself to the faithful God parallels the psalmist's deposit. Marked contested.
Low confidence