For dogs have surrounded me. A company of evildoers have enclosed me. They have pierced my hands and feet.
⛓ Read Psalm 22 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Echo2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The 'dogs' metaphor for Gentiles draws on a stock OT pejorative (e.g., 'dogs have surrounded me'), here softened to household pups under the table. The idiom's OT background gives the insult-and-reversal its bite. Lexical availability; contested and faint.
Low confidence'A company of evildoers encircle me; they have pierced my hands and feet' resonates with the crucifixion act and the criminals flanking Jesus. The LXX reading and the surrounding-by-the-wicked motif cohere with the scene, though Mark does not cite it directly here.
Low confidence