Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his rod twice, and water came out abundantly. The congregation and their livestock drank.
⛓ Read Numbers 20 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Echo1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The water gushing when the rock is struck twice parallels the flow from the struck side; faint, offered alongside Exodus 17:6 as wilderness-water background.
Low confidence◇ Figural1
A typological pattern re-read in a later text — no verbal quotation, high figural coherence.
Moses striking the rock so that 'water came out abundantly' is the foundational wilderness rock-water event behind v.38, tied to Booths' commemoration of the wilderness sojourn and its water-pouring rite. Coherence is strong; offered alongside Exodus 17:6 as the source-event for the rock typology. Medium because the contact is mediated through the Psalm/feast tradition.
Medium confidence