“Listen to me, O Jacob, and Israel my called: I am he; I am the first, I also am the last.
⛓ Read Isaiah 48 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion3
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Reinforces 'the first and the last' from a second Deutero-Isaiah occurrence, strengthening the recurrence criterion. High coherence; the doubled Isaianic witness shows John is citing a fixed monotheistic title, not an isolated phrase.
High confidence'I am he; I am the first, and I am the last.' Second base text for 'the First and the Last.' Paired with Isa 44:6; coherence with Rev 1:17, 21:6.
High confidence'I am the first, I also am the last' — doublet of 44:6 supporting the Alpha-Omega self-designation (v.6).
Medium confidence