“But you, Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend,
⛓ Read Isaiah 41 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'He was called the friend of God' (v.23). Isaiah 41:8 calls Israel the offspring of 'Abraham my friend' (LXX: 'whom I loved'). This title for Abraham, not stated in Genesis, is James's scriptural warrant for naming him God's friend.
High confidence'Abraham my friend' (lit. the one who loved me) — the title 'friend of God' Jesus confers, 'I have called you friends' (15:14-15). The friendship/election language ('Israel... whom I have chosen, offspring of Abraham my friend') gives high availability and coherence to the friend motif.
High confidence