Who has directed the Spirit of Yahweh, or has taught him as his counselor?
⛓ Read Isaiah 40 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation2
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
Verse 16 'For who has known the mind of the Lord, that he should instruct him?' is a direct quotation of Isaiah 40:13 LXX ('Who has known the mind of the LORD, and who has been his counselor that he should instruct him?'). The wording tracks the Septuagint closely; Paul deploys the unanswerable rhetorical question, then stunningly claims 'we have the mind of Christ.'
High confidenceVerbatim quotation (v.34): 'For who has known the mind of the LORD? Or who has been his counselor?' from Isa 40:13 LXX ('who has known the mind of the LORD, and who has been his counselor that he might instruct him?'). Caps the doxology on the unsearchability of God's wisdom.
High confidence