Its streams will be turned into pitch, its dust into sulfur, And its land will become burning pitch. It won’t be quenched night nor day. Its smoke will go up forever. From generation to generation, it will lie waste. No one will pass through it forever and ever.
⛓ Read Isaiah 34 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Edom's streams become burning pitch and sulfur; 'its smoke shall go up forever; from generation to generation it shall lie waste' — directly behind 'the smoke of their torment goes up forever and ever' and 'no rest day and night.' Strong verbal and thematic coherence.
High confidenceOracle against Edom: the land's 'smoke shall go up forever; from generation to generation it shall lie waste' - the direct source of 'Her smoke goes up forever and ever' (Rev 19:3). Combined with the Sodom/Gomorrah burning topos (Gen 19:28). Verbal volume high.
High confidenceEcho2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The motif of 'eternal fire' that is not quenched, burning night and day forever, draws on prophetic depictions of Edom's perpetual burning, itself modeled on Sodom's destruction. Jude's 'punishment of eternal fire' universalizes this imagery of unending conflagration.
Low confidenceEdom's land becomes burning pitch, 'its smoke shall go up forever' — supplies the 'smoke of her burning' motif (also vv.18; cf. Gen 19:28). Faint verbal contact on rising smoke of judgment.
Low confidence