Behold, here comes a troop of men, horsemen in pairs.” He answered, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the engraved images of her gods are broken to the ground.
⛓ Read Isaiah 21 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation1
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
The double cry 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon' (peptōken, peptōken Babylōn) reproduces the watchman's announcement in Isaiah's oracle against Babylon almost verbatim (LXX Isa 21:9 'peptōken Babylōn'). Hays: volume and recurrence very high; Revelation doubles the verb for emphasis. The single most secure base text for v.2.
High confidenceAllusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the engraved images of her gods are broken' — the verbatim doubled 'fallen, fallen' announcement (LXX peptoken peptoken Babylon) directly behind 'Babylon the great has fallen.' Highest verbal density.
High confidence