For though your people, Israel, are like the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return. A destruction is determined, overflowing with righteousness. For the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, will make a full end, and that determined, in the midst of all the earth.
⛓ Read Isaiah 10 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation1
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
v.27-28, formula-marked ('Isaiah cries concerning Israel'): 'If the number of the children of Israel are as the sand of the sea, it is the remnant who will be saved; for He will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness' quotes Isaiah's remnant oracle. Establishes the remnant theology central to ch.9-11.
High confidenceAllusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
The remnant motif of v.5 ('a remnant according to the election of grace') draws on Isaiah's remnant theology ('though your people be as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return'), a text Paul has already quoted in Rom 9:27-28. Strong conceptual borrowing of the 'remnant' (leimma/hypoleimma) word-field.
Medium confidence