I will sow her to me in the earth; and I will have mercy on her who had not obtained mercy; and I will tell those who were not my people, ‘You are my people;’ and they will say, ‘My God!’”
⛓ Read Hosea 2 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation2
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
"who in time past were no people, but now are God's people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy" (2:10) reworks Hosea 2:23 (LXX 2:25), 'I will say to Not-my-people, You are my people' and 'I will have mercy on Not-pitied.' The double not-people/people and not-mercy/mercy antithesis is the signature of Hosea, also taken up in Rom 9:25.
High confidencev.25, formula-marked ('As he says also in Hosea'): 'I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, who was not beloved' quotes Hosea's reversal of Lo-Ammi/Lo-Ruhamah. Paul applies the restoration of unfaithful Israel to the calling of Gentiles.
High confidenceEcho2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
Receiving mercy as one formerly outside it echoes Hosea's reversal where 'not pitied' becomes 'pitied' and the unloved become God's people. Paul the persecutor is the paradigm of unexpected mercy. The Hosea motif of mercy granted to the undeserving stands behind the testimony.
Medium confidence'I will say... You are my people, and they shall say, You are my God' — covenant-formula reuse; low independent weight beside Lev 26 / Ezek 37.
Low confidence