“When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt.
⛓ Read Hosea 11 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Quotation1
A formal citation — high verbal volume, often introduced by a saying-formula.
Explicit fulfillment formula ('that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet'): 'Out of Egypt I called my son.' Verbatim Volume against the Hebrew (not LXX, which reads 'his children'), maximal rhetorical stress, and dense Thematic Coherence — Jesus as God's Son recapitulates Israel's exodus. Paradigm Matthean formula quotation.
High confidenceAllusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son' ties adoption to redemptive love and election, the same cluster Ephesians 1:4-6 fuses ('in love... adoption'). Recurrence with Exod 4:22 strengthens the sonship motif; the volume is thematic, marked medium because Ephesians does not cite the wording.
Medium confidence'When Israel was a child I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son' supplies the adopted-son-led-by-God motif (vv.14-15); the tender father-son relation undergirds the cry 'Abba! Father!'
Medium confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'Out of Egypt I called my son' supplies the same divine sonship motif undergirding 'God sent out his Son' and the adoption of children. The link is conceptual rather than verbal in Galatians; availability and coherence hold but volume is low. Contested as a deliberate echo.
Low confidence