Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap according to kindness. Break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek Yahweh, until he comes and rains righteousness on you.
⛓ Read Hosea 10 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'Sow for yourselves righteousness; reap steadfast love' supplies the agricultural metaphor of sowing-and-reaping righteousness that James applies to peacemakers.
High confidenceThe promise to 'increase the fruits of your righteousness' reprises Hosea's 'sow righteousness, reap steadfast love,' where righteousness is precisely the crop. Coherence is strong because Paul fuses the agricultural supply of v.10 with a moral harvest, exactly Hosea's move. Volume is moderate; the phrase 'fruit/harvest of righteousness' is a shared idiom rather than a quotation.
Medium confidenceEcho5
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The prophetic summons to 'sow for yourselves righteousness, reap steadfast love' supplies the moralized sowing/reaping pattern Paul deploys, where the harvest is a moral-spiritual yield, not mere produce. Coherence is strong with v.10's 'fruits of your righteousness,' and recurrence within the chapter strengthens the case. Volume is moderate because Hosea's specific righteousness/mercy pairing surfaces more explicitly at v.10.
Medium confidenceHosea's call to 'sow righteousness, reap steadfast love' and break up fallow ground belongs to the same prophetic sowing topos that frames the parable. Contested; thematic only.
Low confidenceHosea's 'Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap according to kindness; break up your fallow ground' joins sowing and reaping as a covenant-fruit metaphor coherent with the parable's yield. The connection is thematic rather than verbal, and the sowing/harvest pairing is a stock prophetic idiom, so it remains faint.
Low confidence'Sow righteousness... break up your fallow ground' — agricultural sowing-and-reaping imagery for response to God's word; thematic rather than verbal.
Low confidence'Sow for yourselves righteousness, reap the fruit of steadfast love' supplies the same sowing/reaping-of-righteousness logic. Recurrence within the prophetic fruit-of-righteousness motif justifies inclusion at low confidence.
Low confidence