These are the exits of the city: On the north side four thousand and five hundred reeds by measure; and the gates of the city shall be after the names of the tribes of Israel, three gates northward: the gate of Reuben, one; the gate of Judah, one; the gate of Levi, one. At the east side four thousand and five hundred reeds, and three gates: even the gate of Joseph, one; the gate of Benjamin, one; the gate of Dan, one. At the south side four thousand and […]
⛓ Read Ezekiel 48 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Twelve gates inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes, three on each of the four sides (v.12-13), reproduces Ezekiel's gate-list (three N, three E, three S, three W, named for the tribes). Highest structural and verbal correspondence for the gates.
High confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
Ezekiel's eschatological twelve-tribe roster — the twelve gates of the restored city named for the twelve tribes — stands behind Revelation's tribal lists (cf. Rev 21:12). Ezekiel here also restores Joseph/Levi arrangements in a non-Numbers order, a precedent for John's reshuffling. Thematic coherence with the eschatological-Israel framing; volume moderate.
Medium confidence