When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the testimony in Moses’ hand, when he came down from the mountain, Moses didn’t know that the skin of his face shone by reason of his speaking with him. When Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come near him. Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them. […]
⛓ Read Exodus 34 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion3
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Stephen's face appears to the council 'like the face of an angel' — the most pointed Moses-typology in the chapter, recalling how Moses' face shone after speaking with God on Sinai so that the people were struck by its radiance. The irony is deliberate: those accusing Stephen of blaspheming Moses behold on him the very Mosaic glory. Strong thematic coherence; the heavenly luminosity motif gives it volume.
High confidenceThe altered, shining appearance of Jesus' face directly parallels Moses' face shining after speaking with God on the mountain. Strong verbal/visual volume; Luke uniquely heightens the facial transformation, tightening the Moses typology.
High confidenceComing down Sinai Moses' face shone (LXX dedoxastai) so that he had to veil it. Jesus' face 'shone like the sun' figurally surpasses Moses: where Moses reflected borrowed glory, Jesus radiates his own. The shining-face motif is a deliberate Mosaic borrowing.
High confidenceEcho2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
Moses' face shining with reflected glory after seeing God contrasts with the Son who is himself the glory and declares the Father (vv.14,18). The Sinai-radiance scene reinforces the Moses-versus-Word comparison; medium for absence of direct verbal borrowing here.
Medium confidence'The glory which you have given me, I have given to them' (v22) faintly mirrors Moses' face shining with reflected divine glory after Sinai. The motif of communicated/derivative glory is coherent, but John speaks of indwelling glory rather than facial radiance; low Volume.
Low confidence