Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock in Horeb. You shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, that the people may drink.” Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.
⛓ Read Exodus 17 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Echo1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
Water issuing from the struck rock at Horeb offers a faint typological background to the water from Jesus' side. Low volume; Paul (1 Cor 10:4) develops the rock typology more than John.
Low confidence◇ Figural1
A typological pattern re-read in a later text — no verbal quotation, high figural coherence.
Water struck from the rock at Horeb is the 'spiritual drink.' High volume; combined with Numbers 20 it grounds 'the Rock was Christ.' Paul's figural identification of the rock with Christ depends on these water-from-rock episodes.
High confidence