Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, “This month shall be to you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year to you. Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this month, they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household; and if the household is too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor next to his house shall take one […]
⛓ Read Exodus 12 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion4
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
'The day of unleavened bread came, on which the Passover must be sacrificed' and the command to 'prepare the Passover' directly enact Exodus 12's prescription for slaughtering and eating the lamb. High volume and recurrence within Luke 22 make Exodus 12 the controlling subtext for the meal Jesus is about to transform.
High confidenceThe Last Supper is staged as a Passover meal ('I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you'), so the sacrificed lamb of Exodus 12 stands behind the bread-and-cup words. High volume and coherence: Jesus reinterprets the paschal elements around his own body and blood-deliverance.
High confidenceMark times the whole Passion by 'the Passover and the unleavened bread,' invoking the foundational deliverance festival of Exodus 12 as the calendrical and theological frame. The recurrence of Passover language across the chapter (vv. 1, 12, 14, 16) raises the volume, and the coherence is total since Mark presents Jesus' death as a new exodus. The availability is secure as the institution narrative of Israel's central feast.
High confidenceThe institution 'on the night in which he was betrayed' (v.23) over bread and cup is set within the Passover frame; the memorial meal ('in memory of me') echoes the Passover's perpetual remembrance. Coherence is strong, though the verbal overlap is thematic rather than quoted.
Medium confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The explicit Passover setting frames Jesus' first recorded words against the founding redemption feast, a figural touch given Luke's later Passion-Passover. The connection is contextual rather than verbal here, so a faint echo at this point in the narrative.
Low confidence◇ Figural1
A typological pattern re-read in a later text — no verbal quotation, high figural coherence.
'after two days the Passover is coming' (v2) times Jesus' death to the Passover, setting up the lamb typology that the Last Supper (vv26-28) makes explicit; he is slain at the feast that commemorates the original deliverance.
Medium confidence