Or has God tried to go and take a nation for himself from the midst of another nation, by trials, by signs, by wonders, by war, by a mighty hand, by an outstretched arm, and by great terrors, according to all that Yahweh your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?
⛓ Read Deuteronomy 4 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion2
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
The recurrent Deuteronomic formula of God acting 'by a mighty hand and an outstretched arm' establishes 'the mighty hand of God' as a deliverance idiom underlying 5:6.
Medium confidenceGod's taking a nation out of Egypt 'by a mighty hand and an outstretched arm and great terrors' is the canonical Deuteronomic exodus formula behind 'with uplifted arm he led them out.' Reinforces Exod 6:6.
Medium confidenceEcho1
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The triad 'signs and wonders and mighty works' echoes Deuteronomy's recital of how God took Israel 'by signs, and by wonders... and by a mighty hand.' Recurrence of this credal formula across Deuteronomy strengthens the case that Paul deliberately borrows the language of God's saving demonstrations to mark genuine apostleship.
Low confidence