If a prophet or a dreamer of dreams arises in your midst you, and he gives you a sign or a wonder, and the sign or the wonder comes to pass, of which he spoke to you, saying, “Let us go after other gods” (which you have not known) “and let us serve them”; you shall not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams; for Yahweh your God is testing you, to know whether you love Yahweh your God with all your heart and with all your soul. […]
⛓ Read Deuteronomy 13 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion3
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
The command to 'test the spirits' whether they are of God draws on the Deuteronomic protocol for evaluating a prophet or dreamer of dreams. There even a sign-working prophet must be rejected if he leads Israel after other gods, establishing doctrinal content (not wonders) as the test. John's many 'false prophets gone out into the world' echoes this category of the deceiving prophet.
High confidence'False prophets arose among the people, as false teachers will be among you' presupposes the Mosaic law on the prophet who entices Israel after other gods and must be purged — the Deuteronomic category of the false prophet.
Medium confidenceThe hypothetical preacher of a counterfeit message who must be cursed mirrors the prophet/dreamer who urges other gods and is to be purged; even 'an angel from heaven' fits the 'though he gives a sign' test. The death-sentence on the seducer coheres with Paul's anathema.
Medium confidenceEcho5
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
'Men will arise from among your own selves, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after them' (v.30) echoes the Deuteronomic warning against prophets who arise from within Israel to lead the people astray after them, who must be purged; thematic and structural coherence (internal seducers drawing the people away).
Medium confidenceCalling the intruders 'dreamers' evokes the deuteronomic 'dreamer of dreams,' the false prophet who leads Israel astray and must be purged. Jude tars the false teachers with the brush of the lying visionary condemned in the Law.
Medium confidenceThe Torah test for a false prophet who leads astray though signs come true — background to discerning prophets 'by their fruits.'
Medium confidenceThe "many deceivers" who have gone out and lead astray recall the Deuteronomic prophet or dreamer who seduces Israel to falsehood and must be rejected. The category of the deceiver who tests the community's loyalty is Deuteronomic, though John applies it Christologically.
Low confidenceThe 'false prophet' (pseudoprophetes) who seeks to turn the proconsul aside from the faith answers to the Deuteronomic false prophet who tries to seduce Israel away from the Lord; the verb 'turn aside' resonates with Deut 13's leading astray.
Low confidence