He said, “Go out, and stand on the mountain before Yahweh.” Behold, Yahweh passed by, and a great and strong wind tore the mountains, and broke in pieces the rocks before Yahweh; but Yahweh was not in the wind. After the wind an earthquake; but Yahweh was not in the earthquake.
⛓ Read 1 Kings 19 forward — the whole chapter and its afterlife →Where this passage surfaces again, sorted by the strength of the link. Each kind of reuse — formal quotation, deliberate allusion, faint echo, figural pattern — carries its own mark. Follow any reference to read it in place.
Allusion1
A deliberate verbal borrowing without a citation formula.
Yahweh 'passed by' Elijah at Horeb in a theophany of wind and stillness. The same passing-by-of-God motif, paired with wind that ceases, undergirds Jesus' sea epiphany. Reinforces the Exodus 33-34 theophany reading; medium because Exodus is the primary lexical source.
Medium confidenceEcho2
A fainter, low-volume reuse, carried by recurrence or thematic coherence.
The 'unspeakable words which it is not lawful to utter' loosely participates in the OT topos of an ineffable divine encounter, as at Horeb where the LORD passes by in a silence beyond the wind, earthquake, and fire. Very faint and contested; offered only because the apophatic restraint around theophany has OT roots, though Paul's secrecy is closer to apocalyptic sealing conventions.
Low confidenceWind/earthquake/rocks-splitting as theophany imagery ('a great wind tore the mountains and broke the rocks') colors 'the earth quaked and the rocks were split.'
Low confidence